Physical fitness is the ability to function effectively throughout your workday, perform your usual other activities and still have enough energy left over to handle any extra stresses or emergencies which may arise.
The components of physical fitness are:
* Cardio respiratory (CR) endurance – the efficiency with which the body delivers oxygen and nutrients needed for muscular activity and transports waste products from the cells.
* Muscular strength – the greatest amount of force a muscle or a certain group of muscles can exert in a single effort.
* Muscular endurance – the ability of a muscle or a certain group of muscles to perform repeated movements with a sub-maximal force for extended periods of times.
* Flexibility – the ability to move the joints or any group of joints through an entire, normal range of motion.
* Body composition – the percentage of fat your body has in comparison to his or her total mass your body has.
Improving the first three components of fitness listed above will have a positive impact on body composition and will result in less fat. Excessive body fat detracts from the other fitness components, reduces performance, detracts from appearance, and negatively affects your bodies well being. Factors such as speed, agility, muscle power, eye-hand coordination, and eye-foot coordination are classified as components of “motor” fitness. These factors most affect your athletic ability. Appropriate training can improve these factors within the limits of your potential. A sensible weight loss and get fit activity will seek to improve or maintain all the components of physical and motor fitness through sound, progressive, mission specific physical training.
Fitness, the principles of:
Adherence to certain basic exercise principles is important for developing an effective program. The same principles of exercise apply to everyone at all levels of physical training, from the Olympic-caliber athlete to the weekend jogger.
These basic principles of exercise must be followed.
Regularity
To achieve a training effect, you must exercise often. You should exercise each of the first four fitness components at least three times a week. Infrequent exercise can do more harm than good. Regularity is also important in resting, sleeping, and following a sensible diet.
Progression
The intensity (how hard) and/or duration (how long) of exercise must gradually increase to improve the level of fitness.
Balance
To be effective, a program should include activities that address all the fitness components, since overemphasizing any one of them may hurt the others.
Variety
Providing a variety of activities reduces boredom and increases motivation and progress.
Specificity
Training must be geared toward specific goals. For example, people become better runners if their training emphasizes running. Although swimming is good for your fitness, it does not improve a 2-mile-run time as much as a running program does.
Recovery
A hard day of training for a given component of fitness should be followed by an easier training day or rest day for that component and/or group of muscles to help permit recovery. Another way to allow recovery is to alternate the muscle groups exercised every other day, especially when training for strength and/or muscle endurance.
Overload
The work load of each exercise session must exceed the normal demands placed on the body in order to bring about a training effect.
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